Nobel Prize in Physics 2026 explained

Ice at the South Pole found the universe's particle accelerators

The prize goes to Francis Halzen. Press "Next" to continue.

The neutrino is the shyest particle

It has no electric charge and almost no mass. It passes through nearly everything.

From the Sun alone, 65 billion neutrinos flow through your little fingernail every second.

65 billion / sec

Why neutrinos make the best messengers

Source Cosmic rays: bent by magnetic fields Gamma rays: absorbed on the way Neutrinos: arrive in a straight line

Trace one back and you can point to where the most violent events happen.

Halzen's idea: turn ice into a giant detector

He presented the concept at a conference in Poland in 1988.

IceCube: one cubic kilometre of ice

Hot water drills holes down to about 2,500 metres. Cables of sensors are lowered in.

5,160 sensors on 86 cables. Each is a lightbulb in reverse: it turns light into an electrical signal.

About 27 years of work

What was found, and what's next

In short

A single idea, carried by many researchers over more than 20 years, became a new kind of astronomy.

Neutrinos tell us where the universe's most violent processes happen.

Source: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Popular Science Background.